
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
LATEST POSTS
- 1
Eleven arrested over mass shooting in South Africa tavern - 2
The 15 Most Compelling Books in History - 3
Step by step instructions to Pick the Right Dental specialist for Your Dental Inserts Technique - 4
When fake data is a good thing – how synthetic data trains AI to solve real problems - 5
Kennedy approves adding two rare disorders to newborn screenings
Instructions to Amplify Certifiable Experience While Chasing after an Internet Advertising Degree
‘Everybody Loves Raymond: 30th Anniversary Reunion’ premiere date: How to watch, channel, time, cast and more
Role reversal: Ukraine moves training home and exports the lessons abroad
Taylor Swift's 'The End of an Era' docuseries: Everything you need to know, plus how to watch for less
Wedding Guest Outraged That Bride and Groom, Who Are in Their 60s and Have Both Been Married Before, Registered for Gifts
Novartis to build manufacturing hub in North Carolina, creating 700 jobs
Barry Manilow to have surgery for early-stage lung cancer and postpones January concerts
Anger as German family business group opens talks with far-right AfD
Sustaining Public activity and Connections: Key Methodologies













